Chidule
Mu njira yochotsera yachiwiri yomwe imadziwika kuti longwall mining, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale (nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda wa mamita 100 mpaka 300 koma akhoza kukhala ataliatali) amapangidwa poyendetsa msewu pa ngodya zolondola pakati pa misewu iwiri yomwe imapanga mbali za longwall block, ndi nthiti imodzi ya msewu watsopanowu kupanga longwall face. Zipangizo za longwall face zikayikidwa, malasha amatha kuchotsedwa kutalika konse kwa nkhopeyo m'zigawo za mulifupi woperekedwa (wotchedwa "ukonde" wa malasha). Malo amakono a longwall face amathandizidwa ndi zothandizira zamagetsi ndipo zothandizirazi zimasunthidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti zithandizire nkhope yatsopanoyo pamene zidutswazo zikutengedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo lomwe malasha adakumbidwa kale ndikuthandizidwa ligwe (kukhala goaf). Njirayi imabwerezedwa mosalekeza, ukonde ndi ukonde, motero kuchotsa kwathunthu chipika cha makala ang'onoang'ono, kutalika kwa chipikacho kutengera zinthu zingapo (onani zolemba zamtsogolo)
Njira yonyamulira malasha imayikidwa pamwamba pa nkhope, pankhope zamakono pali "armoured face conveyor kapena AFC". Misewu yomwe imapanga mbali za block imatchedwa "gate roads". Msewu womwe conveyor yayikulu imayikidwa umatchedwa "maingate" (kapena "maingate"), ndipo msewu womwe uli kumapeto kwina umatchedwa "tail gate" (kapena "tailgate").
Ubwino wa migodi ya longiwall poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera zipilala ndi:
• Zothandizira zokhazikika zimafunika kokha mu gawo loyamba la ntchito komanso panthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kubwezeretsa. Zothandizira zina za denga (zotchingira khoma lakutali kapena zishango pa makoma amakono atalitali) zimasunthidwa ndikusunthidwa ndi zida zoyang'ana kumaso.
• Kubwezeretsa zinthu n’kokwera kwambiri - m’malingaliro, 100% ya malasha omwe akuchotsedwa, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse malasha amatayikira kapena kutuluka kuchokera ku makina onyamulira katundu omwe amatayikira m’chidebecho, makamaka ngati pali madzi ambiri pankhope.
• Makina opangira migodi ya Longwall amatha kupanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku mbali imodzi ya longwall - matani 8 miliyoni pachaka kapena kuposerapo.
• Makala akamagwira ntchito moyenera, amakumbidwa mwadongosolo, mosalekeza komanso mobwerezabwereza zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri poyang'anira magawo komanso ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi migodi.
• Ndalama zogulira antchito/matani opangidwa ndi otsika
Zoyipa zake ndi izi:
• Pali mtengo waukulu wa zida, ngakhale kuti mwina si wokwera monga momwe umaonekera poyamba poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha mayunitsi opitilira migodi omwe angafunike kuti apange zokolola zomwezo.
• Ntchito zimakhala zokhazikika kwambiri ("mazira onse mumtanga umodzi")
• Makoma aatali sasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo "sakhululukira" - sasamalira bwino kusagwirizana kwa msoko; misewu ya zipata iyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino apo ayi mavuto angabuke; mawonekedwe abwino nthawi zambiri amadalira kuti kupanga kukhale kosalekeza, kotero mavuto omwe amayambitsa kuchedwa amatha kuwonjezereka kukhala zochitika zazikulu.
• Chifukwa cha kusakhululuka kwa ma longwalls, ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito ndi ofunikira kuti ntchito ziyende bwino.
Chisankho chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kupangidwa ndi kukula kwa mabuloko a makoma. Popeza mabuloko amakono a makoma amakhala ndi zida zambiri (zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambirimbiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zolemera mpaka matani 30 kapena kuposerapo), njira yopezera zidazo kuchokera kubuloko lomalizidwa, kuzinyamula kupita kubuloko latsopano kenako kuziyika mubuloko latsopano (nthawi zambiri zomwe zimachotsedwa mumgodi kuti zikonzedwenso) ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri. Kupatula ndalama zomwe zimafunika, kupanga ndi ndalama sizili choncho panthawiyi. Mabuloko akuluakulu a makoma angathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu osamutsidwa, komabe pali zinthu zina zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mabuloko a makoma a makoma:
• Nkhope ikakhala yayitali, mphamvu zambiri zimafunika pa makina onyamulira malasha (onani zolemba zina pa AFC). Mphamvu ikakhala yayikulu, kukula kwa ma drive unit kumakulirakulira (nthawi zambiri pamakhala drive unit kumapeto onse a nkhope). Ma drive unit ayenera kulowa mu malo ofukula ndikulola malo oti adutse, kuti mpweya ulowe m'maso komanso kuti denga litseke pang'ono mpaka pansi. Komanso mphamvu ikakhala yayikulu, mphamvu ikakhala yayikulu (ndipo motero yolemera).unyolo wa migodipa chonyamulira cha nkhope - maunyolo ozungulira achitsulo awa nthawi zina amafunika kugwiridwa ndi munthu kumaso ndipo pali zoletsa zenizeni pa kukula kwa maunyolo a migodi.
• Mu makonzedwe ena a makoma aatali, kutentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma drive amphamvu kwambiri kumatha kukhala chifukwa.
• M'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa nkhope zonse ziwiri zitha kulamulidwa ndi zoletsa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi malire a lendi, kusagwirizana kwa msoko kapena kusiyanasiyana, chitukuko cha mgodi chomwe chilipo kale komanso/kapena mphamvu yopumira mpweya.
• Kuthekera kwa mgodi kupanga mabuloko atsopano a makoma aatali kuti kupitilira kwa kupanga makoma aatali kusasokonezedwe.
• Mkhalidwe wa zida - kusintha zinthu zina kuti zikonzedwe kapena kusinthidwa nthawi yonse ya chipika cha khoma lachitali kungakhale kovuta, ndipo ndi bwino kuchita izi panthawi yosamutsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-27-2022
