Mwachidule
Mu njira yotulutsira yachiwiri yomwe imadziwika kuti migodi yautali, nkhope yayitali ya migodi (yomwe imakhala pamtunda wa 100 mpaka 300m koma imatha kukhala yayitali) imapangidwa ndikuyendetsa msewu pamakona abwino pakati pa misewu iwiri yomwe imapanga mbali za chipika chautali, ndi nthiti imodzi ya msewu watsopanowu womwe umapanga nkhope yautali.Zida za nkhope yautali zitayikidwa, malasha amatha kuchotsedwa kutalika kwa nkhope m'magawo a m'lifupi mwake (wotchedwa "ukonde" wa malasha).Nkhope yamakono yautali imathandizidwa ndi zothandizira zoyendetsedwa ndi hydraulically ndipo zothandizirazi zimasunthidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti zithandizire nkhope yomwe yangotulutsidwa kumene ngati magawo amatengedwa, kulola gawo lomwe malasha adakumbidwa kale ndikuthandizidwa kuti agwe (kukhala mbuzi).Izi zimabwerezedwa mosalekeza, ukonde ndi ukonde, motero kuchotsa kwathunthu chipika cha malasha, kutalika kwa chipikacho kutengera zinthu zingapo (onani zolemba zamtsogolo)
Makina onyamula malasha amayikidwa kumaso, pankhope zamakono "chonyamula nkhope zonyamula zida kapena AFC".Misewu yomwe imapanga mbali za chipikacho imatchedwa "gate roads".Msewu womwe cholumikizira chachikulu chimayikidwa chimatchedwa "chipata chachikulu" (kapena "maingate"), ndipo msewu womwe uli mbali ina umatchedwa "mchira wa mchira" (kapena "tailgate").
Ubwino wa migodi yayitali poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera zipilala ndi:
• Zothandizira zokhazikika zimangofunika mu gawo loyamba logwirira ntchito komanso panthawi yoika ndi kubwezeretsa ntchito.Zothandizira zina zadenga (zovala zazitali zazitali kapena zishango pamatali amakono) zimasunthidwa ndikusunthidwa ndi zida zamaso.
• Kubwezeredwa kwa zinthu ndikwambiri kwambiri - mwalingaliro kuti 100% ya malasha amachotsedwa, ngakhale kuti m'chitidwe nthawi zonse pamakhala kutaya kapena kutayikira kumaso ku mbuzi, makamaka ngati pali madzi ambiri pamoto. nkhope
• Njira za migodi ya Longwall zimatha kupanga zotulukapo zazikulu kuchokera ku nkhope imodzi yautali - matani 8 miliyoni pachaka kapena kupitilira apo.
• Akamagwira ntchito bwino, malasha amakumbidwa mwadongosolo, mosalekeza komanso mobwerezabwereza zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri pakuwongolera madera komanso ntchito zamigodi zomwe zimagwirizana.
• Mtengo wa ntchito/matani opangidwa ndi otsika
Zoyipa ndi:
• Pali mtengo wokwera wa zida, ngakhale sizokwera monga momwe zimawonekera poyamba poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi opitilira migodi omwe angafunikire kuti atulutse ntchito yofanana.
• Ntchito ndizokhazikika kwambiri ("mazira onse mudengu limodzi").
• Malungo aatali sasintha kwambiri ndipo "osakhululuka" - sagwira bwino ntchito ya discontinuities;misewu yapazipata iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi miyezo yapamwamba kapena mavuto angabwere;mawonekedwe abwino a nkhope nthawi zambiri amadalira kupanga kukhala kosalekeza kapena kucheperachepera, kotero mavuto omwe amayambitsa kuchedwa amatha kuwonjezereka kukhala zochitika zazikulu.
• Chifukwa cha kusakhululuka kwa makoma atali, ntchito yodziwa zambiri ndiyofunikira kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yopambana.
Chisankho chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kupangidwa ndi kukula kwa midadada yayitali.Chifukwa ma longwall amakono amaphatikizapo zida zambiri (ziwerengero za kukula kwa zinthu mazana angapo, zokhala ndi zigawo zambiri zolemera mpaka matani 30 kapena kuposerapo), njira yobwezeretsanso zidazo kuchokera ku chipika chomalizidwa, kupita nacho kumalo atsopano. ndiyeno kuyiyika mu mdadada watsopano (nthawi zambiri zambiri zimachotsedwa mumgodi kuti ziwonjezedwe m'njira) ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri.Kupatula pa mtengo wachindunji wokhudzidwa, kupanga ndi chifukwa chake ndalama zimakhala ziro panthawiyi.Ma block aatali atali apangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kusamuka kuchepe, komabe pali zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa midadada yayitali:
• Nkhope ikatalika m'pamenenso pamafunika mphamvu zambiri pa makina onyamula malasha akumaso (onani zolemba zamtsogolo za AFC's).Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kukula kwa thupi la magawo oyendetsa galimoto (kawirikawiri pamakhala gawo loyendetsa mbali zonse za nkhope).Magawo oyendetsa amayenera kulowa m'makumbidwe ndikulola malo oti adutse, kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino kumaso ndi kutsekeka kwa denga mpaka pansi.Komanso mphamvu zazikulu, zazikulu (ndipo motero zimalemera).unyolo migodipa conveyor nkhope - maunyolo ozungulira zitsulo zozungulira ayenera kugwidwa pa nkhope nthawi zina ndipo pali zolephera zothandiza pa kukula kwa maunyolo a migodi.
• M'malo ena atali, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma drive amagalimoto okwera kwambiri kumatha kukhala chifukwa.
• Zonse m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa nkhope zitha kutsatiridwa ndi malire obwereketsa, kuleka kwa msoko kapena kusiyanasiyana, kukula kwa migodi komwe kuli kale komanso/kapena mpweya wabwino.
• Kuthekera kwa mgodi kupanga midadada yatsopano yotalikirana kuti kupitiriza kupanga kwanthawi yayitali kusasokonezedwe.
• Mkhalidwe wa zida - kusintha zinthu zina kuti ziwonjezedwe kapena kusinthidwa nthawi yonse ya chipika chautali kungakhale kovuta, ndipo kumatheka bwino pakusamutsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-27-2022