Maukonde oyendera(yomwe imatchedwanso maunyolo omangirira, maunyolo omangirira, kapena maunyolo omangirira) ndi maunyolo achitsulo olimba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza katundu wolemera, wosasinthasintha, kapena wamtengo wapatali panthawi yoyendera pamsewu. Pogwirizanitsidwa ndi zida monga zomangira, ma mbedza, ndi maunyolo, amapanga njira yoletsa katundu yomwe imaletsa kusuntha kwa katundu, kuwonongeka, ndi ngozi.
Mapulogalamu Oyambirira ndi awa:
- Kuteteza zomangamanga/zipangizo zolemera (zofukula, ma bulldozer)
- Kukhazikitsa ma coil achitsulo, matabwa omangira, ndi mapaipi a konkire
- Kunyamula makina, ma modules a mafakitale, kapena katundu wolemera kwambiri
- Malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (mbali zakuthwa, zolemera kwambiri, kutentha/kukangana)
Kufunika Kokhazikitsa Ma Unyolo Oyendera:
- Chitetezo:Zimaletsa kusuntha kwa katundu komwe kungayambitse kugwedezeka kapena mipeni ya jack.
- Kutsatira malamulo:Zimakwaniritsa miyezo yalamulo (monga FMCSA ku USA, EN 12195-3 ku EU).
- Chitetezo cha Katundu:Amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa katundu/magalimoto.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera:Imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso kukhala nthawi yayitali ngati isamalidwa bwino.
Nayi chitsogozo chokwanira cha mayendedwe/kulumikiza unyolo kuti katundu wa magalimoto atetezedwe, pofotokoza mfundo zina zomwe mafakitale amaganizira bwino:
| Mbali | Maunyolo Oyendera | Ma Webbing Slings |
|---|---|---|
| Zinthu Zofunika | Chitsulo cha aloyi (Magiredi G70, G80, G100) | Ulusi wa polyester/nayiloni |
| Zabwino Kwambiri | Katundu wakuthwa, zolemera kwambiri (>10T), kukangana/kusweka kwakukulu, kutentha kwambiri | Malo ofewa, katundu wopepuka, |
| Mphamvu | WLL yokwera kwambiri (20,000+ lbs), yotambasula pang'ono | WLL (mpaka 15,000 lbs), kusinthasintha pang'ono |
| Kukana Kuwonongeka | Imalimbana ndi mabala, kusweka, komanso kuwonongeka kwa UV | Zitha kuvulala, mankhwala, kapena kutayika kwa UV |
| Zachilengedwe | Malo onyowa, amafuta, otentha, kapena okwiyitsa | Malo ouma, olamulidwa |
| Ntchito Zofala | Ma coil achitsulo, makina omangira, chitsulo cholemera chomangira | Mipando, galasi, malo opakidwa utoto |
Kusiyana Kwakukulu:Maunyolo amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa katundu wolemera, wokwawa, kapena wakuthwa komwe kulimba n'kofunika kwambiri; ulusi umateteza malo osalimba ndipo ndi wopepuka/wosavuta kugwira.
A. Kusankha Unyolo
1. Nkhani Zokhudza Magiredi:
-G70 (Unyolo Woyendera): Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kusinthasintha bwino.
-G80 (Unyolo Wokweza):Mphamvu yapamwamba, yodziwika bwino pa chitetezo.
-G100:Chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha mphamvu ndi kulemera (gwiritsani ntchito ndi zida zogwirizana).
- Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani kalasi ya unyolo ndi kalasi ya zida.
2. Kukula ndi Chitsimikizo:
- Werengani mphamvu yonse yofunikira (malinga ndi malamulo monga EN 12195-3 kapena FMCSA).
- Chitsanzo: Katundu wa 20,000 lb amafunika mphamvu ya ≥5,000 lbs pa unyolo uliwonse (4:1 chitetezo).
- Gwiritsani ntchito maunyolo okhala ndi mphamvu yowerengera ya WLL ≥ (monga, unyolo wa 5/16" G80: WLL 4,700 lbs).
B. Kusankha Zida Zamagetsi
- Zomangira:
Zomangira za Ratchet: Zolimba bwino, zogwira ntchito bwino (zabwino kwambiri pa katundu wofunika kwambiri).
Zomangira za Lever: Zofulumira, koma zoopsa za snap-back (zimafuna kuphunzitsidwa).
- Zomangira/Zomangira:
Ma Connect a Grab Hooks: Lumikizani ku maulalo a unyolo.
Zokokera Zotsetsereka: Limbikani ku mfundo zokhazikika (monga chimango cha galimoto).
Ma C-Hooks/Clevis Links: Kwa zolumikizira zapadera (monga maso achitsulo).
- Zowonjezera: Zoteteza m'mphepete, zowunikira kupsinjika, zomangira.
C. Makonzedwe Omwe Amafunika Kutengera Katundu
- Makina Omanga (monga, Chokumba):maunyolo a G80 (3/8"+) okhala ndi zomangira za ratchet;Konzani ma track/mawilo + malo olumikizirana; letsani kuyenda kwa ma link.
- Zozungulira zachitsulo:maunyolo a G100 okhala ndi ma C-hook kapena chocks;Gwiritsani ntchito "chithunzi-8" cholumikiza ulusi kudzera mu diso lozungulira.
- Matabwa Opangira Kapangidwe:unyolo wa G70/G80 wokhala ndi matabwa otchingidwa kuti asatsetsereke;Unyolo wopingasa pa ngodya ≥45° kuti mbali yake ikhale yolimba.
- Mapaipi a Konkriti: Malekezero a choko + unyolo pamwamba pa chitoliro pa ngodya za 30°-60°.
A. Kuyang'anira (Musanayambe/Mutatha Kugwiritsa Ntchito)
- Maulalo a Chain:Kanani ngati: Yotambasulidwa ≥3% ya kutalika, ming'alu, ma nicks opitilira 10% ya mulifupi wa ulalo, weld splatter, dzimbiri lalikulu.
- Zingwe/Maunyolo:Kanani ngati: Yapindika, kutsegula pakhosi kokwera >15%, ming'alu, kusowa zingwe zotetezera.
- Zomangira:Kanani ngati: Chogwirira/thupi lopindika, zikhadabo/magiya osweka, maboluti otayirira, dzimbiri logwira ntchito ya ratchet.
- Zonse:Yang'anani ngati zawonongeka pamalo olumikizirana (monga momwe unyolo umakhudzira katundu);Tsimikizirani zizindikiro za WLL zomwe zikuoneka bwino komanso masitampu a giredi.
B. Malangizo Osinthira
- Kulowa m'malo kofunikira:Ming'alu iliyonse yooneka, kutalika, kapena sitampu yodziwika bwino sizingawerengedwe;Ma crochet/ma shackles opindika >10° kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira;Kuwonongeka kwa unyolo wolumikizira unyolo >15% ya mainchesi oyambirira.
- Kusamalira Zodzitetezera:Pakani mafuta omangira ma ratchet pamwezi;Sinthani zomangira zaka 3-5 zilizonse (ngakhale zitakhala bwino; kuwonongeka kwa mkati sikuoneka);Kupuma pantchito pambuyo pa zaka 5-7 zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (kuyang'ana zikalata).
C. Zolemba
- Sungani zolemba zokhala ndi masiku, dzina la woyang'anira, zomwe zapezeka, ndi zomwe zachitika.
- Tsatirani miyezo: ASME B30.9 (Slings), OSHA 1910.184, EN 12195-3
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-26-2025
