Nkhani - Chiyambi cha Lifting Chain of Giredi: G80, G100 & G120

Kukweza maunyolo ndi gulayendizofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale onse omanga, opanga, migodi, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuchita kwawo kumadalira sayansi yakuthupi ndi uinjiniya wolondola. Magulu a G80, G100, ndi G120 amayimira magulu amphamvu pang'onopang'ono, otanthauzidwa ndi mphamvu zawo zocheperako (mu MPa) zochulukitsidwa ndi 10:

- G80: 800 MPa mphamvu yocheperako

- G100: 1,000 MPa mphamvu yocheperako

- G120: 1,200 MPa mphamvu yocheperako

Maphunzirowa amatsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (mwachitsanzo, ASME B30.9, ISO 1834, DIN EN818-2) ndipo amawunikiridwa mosamalitsa ndikuyesedwa kuti atsimikizire kudalirika pansi pa katundu wosunthika, kutentha kwambiri, komanso malo owononga.

1. Zida ndi Metallurgy: Sayansi ya Kumbuyo kwa Unyolo Wokweza Maphunziro

Zochita zamakina zamaketani okweza awa zimachokera ku kusankha kolondola kwa aloyi ndi chithandizo cha kutentha.

Gulu	Zida zoyambira	Kutentha-mankhwala	Key Alloying Elements	Zinthu za Microstructural
G80	Chitsulo chapakati cha carbon	Kuchepetsa & Kuchepetsa	C (0.25-0.35%), Mn	Kutentha kwa martensite
G100	Chitsulo chotsika kwambiri champhamvu (HSLA).	Kuzimitsa kolamulidwa	Cr, Mo, V	Fine-grained bainite/martensite
G120	Advanced HSLA zitsulo	Precision kutentha	Cr, Ni, Mo, micro-alloyed Nb/V	Kubalalika kwabwino kwambiri kwa carbide

Chifukwa chiyani komanso momwe zinthu izi zimafunikira:

- Kuwonjezera Mphamvu: Zinthu zophatikizira (Cr, Mo, V) zimapanga ma carbides omwe amalepheretsa kusuntha, kuwonjezera mphamvu zokolola popanda kupereka ductility.

-Kukaniza Kutopa: Ma microstructures opangidwa bwino mu G100/G120 amalepheretsa kuyambitsa ming'alu. G120's tempered martensite imapereka moyo wotopa kwambiri (>100,000 kuzungulira pa 30% WLL).

- Valani Kukaniza: Kuwumitsa kwapamtunda (mwachitsanzo, kuuma kwa induction) mu G120 kumachepetsa kuyabwa muzogwiritsa ntchito zokangana kwambiri monga mizere ya migodi.

Welding Protocols for Chain Integrity

•Pre-Weld Prep:

o Chotsani malo olowa kuti muchotse ma oxides.

o Preheat mpaka 200 ° C (G100/G120) kuteteza hydrogen kusweka.

•Njira Zowotcherera:

o Kuwotcherera kwa Laser: Kwa maunyolo a G120 (mwachitsanzo, ma aloyi a Al-Mg-Si), kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri kumapanga madera ophatikizika okhala ndi HAZ yooneka ngati H kuti agawane zopsinjika.

o Hot Wire TIG: Kwa maunyolo azitsulo zowotchera (mwachitsanzo, 10Cr9Mo1VNb), kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri kumachepetsa kupotoza.

•Langizo Lovuta:Pewani kuwonongeka kwa geometric mu HAZ - malo akuluakulu oyambitsa ming'alu pansi pa 150 ° C.

Ma Parameters a Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT).

Gulu	Kutentha kwa PWHT	Gwirani Nthawi	Kusintha kwa Microstructural	Kupititsa patsogolo Katundu
G80	550-600 ° C	2-3 maola	Kutentha kwa martensite	Kuchepetsa kupsinjika, + 10% kumakhudza kulimba
G100	740-760 ° C	2-4 maola	Kubalalika kwa carbide kwabwino	15% ↑ kutopa mphamvu, yunifolomu HAZ
G120	760-780°C	1-2 maola	Imaletsa M₂₃C₆ kukokoloka	Zimalepheretsa kutaya mphamvu pa kutentha kwakukulu

Chenjezo:Kupitirira 790 ° C kumapangitsa carbide coarsening → mphamvu / ductility kutaya.

2. Kukweza Unyolo Magwiridwe M'mikhalidwe Yambiri

Madera osiyanasiyana amafuna mayankho azinthu zofananira.

Kupirira Kutentha:

-G80:Kuchita kokhazikika mpaka 200 ° C; ndi kutaya mphamvu mofulumira kuposa 400 ° C chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha.

- G100/G120:Unyolo Sungani 80% mphamvu pa 300 ° C; magiredi apadera (mwachitsanzo, owonjezera Si/Mo) amakana kutsika mpaka -40°C kuti agwiritse ntchito kumtunda.

Kulimbana ndi Corrosion:

-G80:Wokonda dzimbiri; kumafuna kuthira mafuta pafupipafupi m'malo achinyezi.

- G100/G120:Zosankha zikuphatikizapo galvanization (zokutidwa ndi zinki) kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (monga 316L za zomera zam'madzi). G100 yopangidwa ndi galvanized imapirira maola 500+ pamayeso opopera mchere.

Kutopa ndi Kuvuta Kwambiri:

-G80:Zokwanira zolemetsa zosasunthika; kulimba kwamphamvu ≈25 J pa -20°C.

- G120:Kulimba kwapadera (> 40 J) chifukwa cha zowonjezera za Ni/Cr; zabwino zonyamulira mwamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, ma cranes apabwalo la ngalawa).

3. Maupangiri Osankhidwa Mwachindunji

Kusankha giredi yoyenera kumakulitsa chitetezo ndi kutsika mtengo.

Mapulogalamu	Gulu lovomerezeka	Zomveka
General Construction	G80	Zotsika mtengo pazotengera zocheperako / zowuma; mwachitsanzo, scaffolding.
Offshore / Marine Lifting	G100 (Galati)	Mphamvu yayikulu + kukana dzimbiri; imalimbana ndi madzi a m'nyanja.
Migodi/Kukumba	G120	Imakulitsa kukana kuvala mukugwira miyala yonyezimira; imapulumuka katundu wokhudzidwa.
Kutentha Kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Steel Mills)	G100 (Mtundu wothiridwa ndi kutentha)	Imasunga mphamvu pafupi ndi ng'anjo (mpaka 300 ° C).
Zokwera Zamphamvu Zokweza	G120	Zosatopa pakukweza ma helikopita kapena kukhazikitsa zida zozungulira.

4. Kulephera Kupewa ndi Kusamalira Kuzindikira

- Kutopa Kulephera:Zodziwika kwambiri pakukweza kwa cyclic. Kukana kwapamwamba kwa G120 kumachepetsa chiopsezochi.

- Kuwonongeka kwa Corrosion:Kusokoneza mphamvu; malata a G100 amatha 3 × motalika m'mphepete mwa nyanja motsutsana ndi G80 yosatsekedwa.

- Kuyang'ana:ASME imalamula cheke pamwezi kuti ming'alu, kuvala> 10% m'mimba mwake, kapena kutalika. Gwiritsani ntchito kuyesa kwa maginito kwa ma G100/G120.

5. Kulimbikitsa Zatsopano ndi Zochitika Zamtsogolo

- Smart Chain:Unyolo wa G120 wokhala ndi masensa otsekeka ophatikizika owunikira nthawi yeniyeni.

- Zopaka:Zovala za nano-ceramic pa G120 kuti ziwonjezere moyo wautumiki m'malo okhala acidic.

- Sayansi Yazinthu:Kafukufuku mumitundu yachitsulo ya austenitic yokweza cryogenic (-196 ° C LNG ntchito) .

Kutsiliza: Kufananiza Unyolo Mkalasi ndi Zosowa Zanu

- Sankhani G80zokweza zotsika mtengo, zosawononga.

- Dziwani zambiri za G100kwa malo owononga / osinthika omwe amafunikira mphamvu komanso kulimba.

- Sankhani G120m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri: kutopa kwambiri, kuyabwa, kapena kukweza bwino kwambiri.

Chidziwitso Chomaliza: Nthawi zonse ikani patsogolo maunyolo ovomerezeka okhala ndi machiritso otenthetsera. Kusankha koyenera kumalepheretsa kulephera kowopsa-sayansi yazinthu ndiyo msana wa kukweza chitetezo.

Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-17-2025

Chiyambi cha Lifting Chain of Grades: G80, G100 & G120